Ensure Each HTML Document Contains a Non-Empty <title> Element

Yotam Flohr
Researcher
Blind Low vision Hearing Mobility
WCAG 2.1 Level A

Written and researched for humans by humans

Yotam Flohr
Researcher
Ritvik Shrivastava
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Any HTML document must have a title element that users with an overview of its content and the title element should never be empty.

Why It Matters

Screen reader users rely on page titles to get an overview of the content on a page – it’s the first thing screen reader users hear when first loading a web page.

If the title is missing or is not descriptive and unique, screen reader users must read through the page to determine its contents and purpose.

Fixing the Issue

Add an informative title to an HTML document using the title element. The title should contain short, descriptive text that summarizes the page’s contents. It’s also important to never repeat title tags and to put all the most important information first.

Good Code Example

Code example
<html> <title> A brief, clear, informative, and unique title</title> <!-- the rest of the page content --> </html> Copy

Test Cases

For more examples, visit W3C’s GitHub’s ATC Rules library